Escorpionismo en pediatría: estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de factores predictores de gravedad / Pediatric scorpionism: a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of predictors of severity

Introducción. El emponzoñamiento por Tityus carrilloi n. sp. representa una amenaza para la vida. Según las manifestaciones clínicas, se clasifica en leve, moderado y grave. Objetivo. Comparar las características epidemiológicas y bioquímicas en niños con escorpionismo leve, moderado y grave. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se analizaron las consultas de menores de 15 años picados por Tityus carrilloi n. sp. entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018 en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en Santa Fe (Argentina). Resultados. Se incluyeron 524 niños, el 81 % (421) con dolor local y el 19 % (103) con manifestaciones sistémicas. Los niños con síntomas sistémicos de escorpionismo fueron más pequeños en edad que los que presentaron manifestaciones locales (p <0,001). En el invierno los niños desarrollaron 8 veces más manifestaciones sistémicas de escorpionismo y durante la primavera, 2,4 veces más que durante el verano. De los 103 niños internados, 80 fueron casos moderados y 23, graves. No hubo diferencias entre grupos en edad (p = 0,29) ni en la demora en recibir suero antiescorpiónico (p = 0,81). El tiempo de internación fue mayor en los graves (p <0,001). Los valores de glóbulos blancos o glucemia mayores a 30 000 cel/ml y 300 mg/dl respectivamente estuvieron presentes casi exclusivamente en escorpionismos graves. Conclusión. En niños picados por el escorpión Tityus carrilloi n. sp., el riesgo de desarrollar manifestaciones sistémicas fue mayor cuanto menor fue la edad y durante el invierno y la primavera. Los valores de glóbulos blancos y de glucemia fueron mayores en niños con escorpionismo grave.

Introduction. Scorpion envenomation by Tityus carrilloi n. sp. represents a threat to life. Depending on its clinical manifestations, it is classified as mild, moderate or severe. Objective. To compare the epidemiological and biochemical characteristics among children with mild, moderate, and severe scorpionism. Population and methods. Descriptive, crosssectional, and retrospective study. The consultations at a tertiary care children's hospital in Santa Fe (Argentina) of children under 15 years of age stung by Tityus carrilloi n. sp. between January 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed. Results. In total, 524 children were included, 81% (421) with local pain and 19% (103) with systemic manifestations. Children with systemic symptoms of scorpionism were younger in age than those with local manifestations (p < 0.001). In the winter, children developed 8 times more systemic manifestations of scorpionism; during the spring, 2.4 times more than during the summer. Out of the 103 hospitalized children, 80 were moderate cases and 23 severe cases. There were no differences between age groups (p = 0.29) or in the delay in receiving the anti-scorpion serum (p = 0.81). The length of hospital stay was longer among severe cases (p < 0.001). WBC and blood glucose levels higher than 30 000 cell/mL and 300 mg/dL, respectively, were present almost exclusively in severe scorpionism cases. Conclusion. In children stung by the scorpion Tityus carrilloi n. sp., the younger the age and during winter and spring, the higher the risk for systemic manifestations. WBC and blood glucose levels were higher in children with severe scorpionism.

Epidemiological analysis of accidents by scorpions in a municipality in the Triângulo Mineiro / Análise epidemiológica dos acidentes por escorpiões em um município do Triângulo Mineiro

Introduction: Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the highest rate of scorpionism, 223,033 cases were recorded between 2010-2017, so reflections on how to reduce this public health problem are necessary. Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of accidents with scorpions that occurred in the municipality of Patos de Minas (MG), from 2013 to 2017, and to develop an intervention project based on it. Methods: First, the number of accidents by venomous animals in Patos de Minas (MG) was analyzed using the variables included in the SINAN notification and investigation form, available on DATASUS. Additionally, two databases, CAFE and Pubmed, were used for the theoretical framework, with the following descriptors: "escorpião", "Minas Gerais", "envenenamento", "prevenção", and their respective translations into English: "scorpion", "Minas Gerais", "envenomation" and "prevention". Results: Scorpion sting accidents were the most recorded among venomous animals, and were increased annually during the study period, reaching, in 2017, the number of 274 reported cases. In addition, the frequency of accidents was recorded in greater numbers in males (51.18%) and the most affected age group was between 20 and 39 years of age (32.64%). It is also observed that most of the victims were classified as mild cases and treated in the first hour of the sting (97.92%), with no deaths in the period. The results found are in agreement with the references used, being more common, in studies, the registration of mild cases, in male adults. For the basis of the intervention proposal, five articles were used, and based on them, preventive, corrective environmental and educational actions are proposed. Conclusion: The study allowed to identify the target audience of the intervention proposals and when they should be intensified, to try to contain, thus, the constant increase in cases of scorpionism in the analyzed municipality (AU)

Introdução: Minas Gerais é o estado brasileiro com a maior taxa de escorpionismo, foram registrados 223.033 casos entre 2010-2017, dessa forma se faz necessária reflexões sobre como reduzir esse problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa descrever o perfil epidemiológico de acidentes oriundos do escorpionismo ocorridos no município de Patos de Minas (MG) no período de 2013 a 2017 e desenvolver um projeto de intervenção a partir do mesmo. Métodos: Primeiramente, o número de acidentes por animais peçonhentos em Patos de Minas (MG) foi analisado utilizando-se as variáveis que contemplam a ficha de notificação e investigação do SINAN, disponíveis no DATASUS. Além disso, foram utilizadas duas bases de dados, CAFE e PUBMED, para o referencial teórico, com os seguintes descritores: escorpião, Minas Gerais, envenenamento e prevenção e suas respectivas traduções para o inglês. Resultados: Acidentes por picada de escorpião foram os mais registrados dentre os animais peçonhentos, além de terem aumentado anualmente no período de estudo, atingindo, em 2017, o número de 274 casos notificados. Ademais, a frequência dos acidentes foi registrada em maior número no sexo masculino (51,18%) e a faixa etária mais atingida foi entre 20 a 39 anos (32,64%). Observa-se também que os acidentados foram classificados como casos leves e atendidos na primeira hora da picada (97,92%), com nenhum óbito no período. Os resultados encontrados estão em concordância com as referências utilizadas, sendo mais comum, em estudos, o registro de casos leves, em adultos, do sexo masculino. Para o embasamento da proposta de intervenção, foram utilizados cinco artigos e baseado neles propõem-se o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas, corretivas do ambiente e educacionais. Conclusão:Com o estudo, foi possível identificar o público-alvo das propostas de intervenção e quando elas deveriam ser intensificadas, para tentar conter, assim, o aumento constante dos casos de escorpionismo no município analisado (AU)

Scorpion sting bite with intracerebral bleed:a case report

Scorpion sting can present with multiple clinical presentations ranging from local swelling to cardiogenic shock. Scorpion sting affects many organ which can cause myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, acute renal dysfunction and respiratory collapse. Central nervous system involvement can cause encephalopathy, seizures, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. Cerebral bleed is a rare presentation of scorpion sting.Here we present a case of scorpion sting with unusual central nervous system (CNS) presentation of gangliocapsular bleed.

Epidemiological aspects of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in Brazil's northeastern / Aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes escorpiônicos em um munícipio do nordeste brasileiro

Scorpionic accidents are a major public health problem due to the high occurrence with potential seriousness. In this manner, the research aimed to analyze the occurrence of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in the northeastern of Brazil. An exploratory, descriptive study was made, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data which was gotten from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2008 to 2018. Data such as neighborhood, presence of street markets were also used, and the existence of sanitation and climatic data such as temperature and season. Geoprocessing was used to identify possible changes in the environment. In the analyzed period, 9,330 cases of scorpion accidents were recorded, with an average of 848 annual notifications. Scorpionic accidents occurred more frequently in women (5,686; 60.94%). Individuals aged 20 to 29 years (1.727; 18.51%) were more frequent to scorpion stings. Regarding the body parts where the stings were made, the highlights were on the foot (3.515; 37.67%) followed by the hand (2.818; 30.20%). No statistically significant relation was observed between climatic factors and scorpionic accidents. However, the high number of cases of scorpionic accidents was observed in the last 11 years studied. It was evident that during the study period there was no statistical relationship when climatic factors were correlated to scorpionic accidents. On its turn, when it was verified the results of the geoprocessing analysis, it was seen that anthropic factors have been motivating the potentiation of the occurrence of these accidents.

Os acidentes escorpiônicos apresentam-se como um grande problema de saúde pública em virtude da grande ocorrência com potencial gravidade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de acidentes escorpiônicos em um município do nordeste brasileiro. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa em que foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2008 a 2018. Também foram utilizados dados como bairro, presença de feiras livres e a existência de saneamento básico e dados climáticos como temperatura e estação do ano. O geoprocessamento foi utilizado para identificar as possíveis alterações no ambiente. No período analisado, foram registrados 9,330 casos de acidentes com escorpião, com média de 848 notificações anuais. Os acidentes escorpiônicos ocorreram com mais frequência em mulheres (5,686; 60,94%). Em indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (1,727; 18,51%) foram mais frequentes a picada de escorpião. Com relação ao local das picadas destacaram-se o pé (3,515; 37,67%), seguido da mão (2,818; 30,20%). Não foi observada relação estatisticamente significativa entre os fatores clímáticos e os acidentes escorpiônicos. Foi observado elevado número de casos de acidentes escorpiônicos nos últimos 11 anos estudados. Ficou evidente que durante o período de estudo não existiu relação estatística quando se correlacionou fatores climáticos aos acidentes escorpiônicos. Por sua vez, ao verificar os resultados da análise de geoprocessamento foi visto que fatores antrópicos têm sido motivadores da potencialização da ocorrência desses acidentes.

Epidemiological aspects of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in Brazil's northeastern / Aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes escorpiônicos em um munícipio do nordeste brasileiro

Scorpionic accidents are a major public health problem due to the high occurrence with potential seriousness. In this manner, the research aimed to analyze the occurrence of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in the northeastern of Brazil. An exploratory, descriptive study was made, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data which was gotten from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2008 to 2018. Data such as neighborhood, presence of street markets were also used, and the existence of sanitation and climatic data such as temperature and season. Geoprocessing was used to identify possible changes in the environment. In the analyzed period, 9,330 cases of scorpion accidents were recorded, with an average of 848 annual notifications. Scorpionic accidents occurred more frequently in women (5,686; 60.94%). Individuals aged 20 to 29 years (1.727; 18.51%) were more frequent to scorpion stings. Regarding the body parts where the stings were made, the highlights were on the foot (3.515; 37.67%) followed by the hand (2.818; 30.20%). No statistically significant relation was observed between climatic factors and scorpionic accidents. However, the high number of cases of scorpionic accidents was observed in the last 11 years studied. It was evident that during the study period there was no statistical relationship when climatic factors were correlated to scorpionic accidents. On its turn, when it was verified the results of the geoprocessing analysis, it was seen that anthropic factors have been motivating the potentiation of the occurrence of these accidents.

Os acidentes escorpiônicos apresentam-se como um grande problema de saúde pública em virtude da grande ocorrência com potencial gravidade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de acidentes escorpiônicos em um município do nordeste brasileiro. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa em que foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2008 a 2018. Também foram utilizados dados como bairro, presença de feiras livres e a existência de saneamento básico e dados climáticos como temperatura e estação do ano. O geoprocessamento foi utilizado para identificar as possíveis alterações no ambiente. No período analisado, foram registrados 9,330 casos de acidentes com escorpião, com média de 848 notificações anuais. Os acidentes escorpiônicos ocorreram com mais frequência em mulheres (5,686; 60,94%). Em indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (1,727; 18,51%) foram mais frequentes a picada de escorpião. Com relação ao local das picadas destacaram-se o pé (3,515; 37,67%), seguido da mão (2,818; 30,20%). Não foi observada relação estatisticamente significativa entre os fatores climáticos e os acidentes escorpiônicos. Foi observado elevado número de casos de acidentes escorpiônicos nos últimos 11 anos estudados. Ficou evidente que durante o período de estudo não existiu relação estatística quando se correlacionou fatores climáticos aos acidentes escorpiônicos. Por sua vez, ao verificar os resultados da análise de geoprocessamento foi visto que fatores antrópicos têm sido motivadores da potencialização da ocorrência desses acidentes.

Epidemiological aspects of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in Brazils northeastern

Abstract Scorpionic accidents are a major public health problem due to the high occurrence with potential seriousness. In this manner, the research aimed to analyze the occurrence of scorpionic accidents in a municipality in the northeastern of Brazil. An exploratory, descriptive study was made, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data which was gotten from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2008 to 2018. Data such as neighborhood, presence of street markets were also used, and the existence of sanitation and climatic data such as temperature and season. Geoprocessing was used to identify possible changes in the environment. In the analyzed period, 9,330 cases of scorpion accidents were recorded, with an average of 848 annual notifications. Scorpionic accidents occurred more frequently in women (5,686; 60.94%). Individuals aged 20 to 29 years (1.727; 18.51%) were more frequent to scorpion stings. Regarding the body parts where the stings were made, the highlights were on the foot (3.515; 37.67%) followed by the hand (2.818; 30.20%). No statistically significant relation was observed between climatic factors and scorpionic accidents. However, the high number of cases of scorpionic accidents was observed in the last 11 years studied. It was evident that during the study period there was no statistical relationship when climatic factors were correlated to scorpionic accidents. On its turn, when it was verified the results of the geoprocessing analysis, it was seen that anthropic factors have been motivating the potentiation of the occurrence of these accidents.

Resumo Os acidentes escorpiônicos apresentam-se como um grande problema de saúde pública em virtude da grande ocorrência com potencial gravidade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de acidentes escorpiônicos em um município do nordeste brasileiro. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa em que foram utilizados dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2008 a 2018. Também foram utilizados dados como bairro, presença de feiras livres e a existência de saneamento básico e dados climáticos como temperatura e estação do ano. O geoprocessamento foi utilizado para identificar as possíveis alterações no ambiente. No período analisado, foram registrados 9,330 casos de acidentes com escorpião, com média de 848 notificações anuais. Os acidentes escorpiônicos ocorreram com mais frequência em mulheres (5,686; 60,94%). Em indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (1,727; 18,51%) foram mais frequentes a picada de escorpião. Com relação ao local das picadas destacaram-se o pé (3,515; 37,67%), seguido da mão (2,818; 30,20%). Não foi observada relação estatisticamente significativa entre os fatores clímáticos e os acidentes escorpiônicos. Foi observado elevado número de casos de acidentes escorpiônicos nos últimos 11 anos estudados. Ficou evidente que durante o período de estudo não existiu relação estatística quando se correlacionou fatores climáticos aos acidentes escorpiônicos. Por sua vez, ao verificar os resultados da análise de geoprocessamento foi visto que fatores antrópicos têm sido motivadores da potencialização da ocorrência desses acidentes.

Scorpion Bite Atypically Presenting As Acute Transverse Myelitis And Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report And Review

Scorpion bite is an important health issue as it has been reportedthatabout tenpersons are killed by a venomous scorpion for each killed by a venomous snake.Scorpion venom may be cardiotoxic, hemotoxic, nephrotoxic or even neurotoxic. It acts on the autonomic nervous system producing parasympathetic and sympathetic manifestations.However, few have reported sub arachnoid haemorrhage and transverse myelitis occurring due to scorpion venom.Case Report:We are reporting a case of 50year old male who prese nted three days after an episode of scorpion bitewith paraplegia and inability to pass urine and stool due to transverse myelitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. He was investigatedand treated accordingly. Clinical improvement was seen within tendays after the initiation of therapy. Conclusion:Scorpion sting,though rarely may present as SAH and transverse myelitis which are reversible and easily treatable.Clinical Significance:As scorpion bite is treatable,having high index of suspicion for scorpion sting inpatients of SAH and acute transverse myelitis in whom the cause of their clinical features could not be recognised may help in improving the outcome considerably in these cases.

Associação ecológica entre fatores socioeconômicos, ocupacionais e de saneamento e a ocorrência de escorpionismo no Brasil, 2007-2019 / Asociación ecológica entre factores socioeconómicos, ocupacionales y de saneamiento y la ocurrencia de escorpionismo en Brasil, 2007-2019 / Ecological association between socioeconomic, occupational and sanitation factors and the occurrence of scorpionism in Brazil, 2007-2019

Objetivo: Analisar associação ecológica entre características socioeconômicas, ocupacionais e de infraestrutura/saneamento com escorpionismo no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com dados dos acidentes escorpiônicos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (2007-2019). Empregou-se regressão binomial negativa para estimar razões de taxas de incidência (RTI) e intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: No período, ocorreram 1.079.333 acidentes, com incidência acumulada de 41,5/100 mil habitantes. Na análise ajustada, houve associação com percentual municipal de mulheres (RTI=1,65 - IC95% 1,18;2,30) e homens (RTI=0,90 - IC95% 0,88;0,91) na construção civil, mulheres (RTI=1,21 - IC95% 1,18;1,25) e homens (RTI=0,73 - IC95% 0,69;0,77) no serviço doméstico, mulheres (RTI=1,03 - IC95% 1,02;1,04) e homens (RTI=0,93 - IC95% 0,92;0,93) na agropecuária, domicílios com lixo coletado (RTI=0,99 - IC95% 0,98;0,99) e lixo no entorno (RTI=1,02 - IC95% 1,01;1,02), expectativa de anos de estudo (RTI=0,88 - IC95% 0,83;0,92) e taxa de desocupação (RTI=1,07 - IC95% 1,05;1,09). Conclusão: O escorpionismo associou-se a precária infraestrutura/saneamento, oferta de emprego, educação e ocupação feminina.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación ecológica entre características socioeconómicas, ocupacionales y sanitarias y el escorpionismo en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio ecológico con datos de accidentes con escorpiones reportados al Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación (2007-2019). Se utilizó la regresión binomial negativa para estimar las razones de las tasas de incidencia (RTI) e intervalos de confianza (IC95%). Resultados: Ocurrieron 1.079.333 accidentes con escorpiones (41,5/100.000 habitantes), 2007-2019. Se encontró asociación con porcentaje municipal de: mujeres (RTI=1,65 - IC95% 1,18;2,30) y hombres (RTI=0,90 - IC95% 0,88;0,91) en la construcción civil, mujeres (RTI=1,21 - IC95% 1,18;1,25) y hombres (RTI=0,73 - IC95% 0,69;0,77) en el servicio doméstico, mujeres (RTI=1,03 - IC95% 1,02;1,04) y hombres (RTI=0,93 - IC95% 0,92;0,93) en la agricultura, hogares con recolección de basura (RTI=0,99 - IC95% 0,98;0,99) y basura en los alrededores (RTI=1,02 - IC95% 1,01;1,02), expectativa en años de estudio (RTI=0,88 - IC95% 0,83;0,92) y tasa de desempleo (RTI=1,07 - IC95% 1,05;1,09). Conclusión: El escorpionismo se asoció con infraestructura/saneamiento precario, oferta de trabajo, educación y ocupación femenina.

Objective: To analyze ecological association between socioeconomic, occupational and sanitation characteristics and scorpionism in Brazil. Methods: This was an ecological study with data on scorpion sting accidents reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (2007-2019). Negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: In the study period there were 1,079,333 scorpion sting accidents, with a cumulative incidence rate of 41.5/100,000 inhabitants. In the adjusted analysis, there was association with the municipal percentages of: women (IRR=1.65 - 95%CI 1.18;2.30) and men (IRR=0.90 - 95%CI 0.88;0.91) working in the construction industry, women (IRR=1.21 - 95%CI 1.18;1.25) and men (IRR=0.73 - 95%CI 0.69;0.77) working in domestic service, women (IRR=1.03 - 95%CI 1.02;1.04) and men (IRR=0.93 - 95%CI 0.92;0.93) working in farming, households with refuse collection (IRR=0.99 - 95%CI 0.98;0.99) and households with refuse left nearby (IRR=1.02 - 95%CI 1.01;1.02), expected years of schooling (IRR=0.88 - 95%CI 0.83;0.92), and unemployment rate (IRR=1.07 - 95%CI 1.05;1.09). Conclusion: Scorpionism was associated with precarious infrastructure/sanitation, job availability, education and female occupation.

Las múltiples caras del edema agudo de pulmón: a propósito de dos casos clínicos / The multiple faces of acute lung edema: about two clinical cases

La picadura de alacrán (alacranismo) es una causa común de envenenamiento en varias partes del mundo. El veneno del alacrán es expulsado en forma violenta e inyectado en el tejido subcutáneo de la víctima; se lo detecta en la circulación en aproximadamente 4 a 7 minutos. Los hallazgos clínicos del envenenamiento por picadura de alacrán pueden variar desde síntomas leves locales, como dolor y parestesia, hasta compromiso sistémico. La muerte se debe a las complicaciones graves; v.gr.: choque cardiogénico (debido a miocarditis adrenérgica por liberación masiva de catecolaminas) y miocarditis e isquemia (por toxicidad directa del veneno). El edema agudo de pulmón es una de las complicaciones más graves de la picadura de alacrán y se manifiesta por disnea súbita de origen cardiogénico. Nuestro país tiene diversos climas en sus diferentes zonas geográficas; por esta razón, el traslado rápido de la Costa a la Sierra a una altura superior a 2.500 m es un factor de riesgo que se explica por el cambio de la presión atmosférica brusca y rápida que produce una respuesta vasomotora exagerada en el pulmón.Palabras claves: picadura de alacrán, edema agudo de pulmón, disfunción cardiaca.

Scorpion sting or scorpionism is a common cause of poisoning in various parts of the world. Scorpion venom is violently expelled and injected into the victim's subcutaneous tissue and is detected approximately 4 to 7 minutes in general circulation. The described clinical findings of scorpion poisoning can vary from mild local symptoms such as pain and paraesthesia to systemic compromise. Sting death is due to serious complications such as: cardiogenic shock, which is the result of: adrenergic myocarditis due to massive release of catecholamines and myocarditis and ischemia due to direct poison toxicity. Acute lung edema is one of the most serious complications of scorpion sting and is manifested by a sudden dyspnea picture of cardiogenic origin. Our country has a diversity of climates due to its different geographical areas. It is for this reason that the rapid transfer from the coast to the mountains above 2500 meters high, constitutes a risk factor due to the change in atmospheric pressures being abrupt and rapid that produce exaggerated vasomotor responses at the pulmonary level.Keywords:scorpion sting, acute lung edema, cardiac dysfunction.

Pediatric scorpionism in northern Amazonia: a 16-year study on epidemiological, environmental and clinical aspects

The Amazon basin is one of the seven major geographical areas where scorpionism is recorded. In French Guiana, 90 stings per 100,000 inhabitants are registered per year. As the severity of cases is higher in children, descriptive studies are needed to have a better understanding of this pathology. The aim of the present study is to describe pediatric scorpionism in French Guiana. Methods: We conducted a monocentric descriptive retrospective study on scorpion stings in all pediatric patients admitted to Cayenne General Hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2018. Results: In this survey, 132 patients were included. Of them, 63% were male. Patients with general signs of envenomation were younger and lighter (p = 0.04). The picture was "one sting" (95.3%) by a "big" (47.6%), "black" (60%) and "small pincer" (58%) scorpion on the extremity of the body (84%). Stings occurred mainly during the day, while patients changed clothes. There was no envenomation during night. The monthly evaluation highlights that the number of stings and percentage of general signs of envenomation were closely connected to a composite variable including the variation of the level of rivers (p = 0.005). Cardiac symptoms were recorded in 82% of cases with general signs of envenomation. The presence of pulmonary; ear, nose, and throat (ENT); or gastrointestinal symptoms are related to major envenomation (p = 0.001, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02 respectively). Leukocytosis and glycemia increased according to the envenomation grade whereas serum potassium and alkaline reserve decreased. Forty-six patients needed hospitalization and seven of them required intensive care. No patient died nor presented sequelae at discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: Pediatric scorpionism in French Guiana is closely associated with child activities and climatic conditions. Severe envenomation presented most of the time with cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal symptoms.(AU)

First report of scorpionism caused by Tityus serrulatus, described by Lutz and Mello, 1922 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), a species non-native to the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Abstract This reports a case of scorpionism caused by Tityus serrulatus. A male adult was stung while unloading bananas at the supply center in Belém, Pará, Brazil. The bananas originated in another state (Bahia) and were brought to Belém by truck. The patient presented with pain, edema, and erythema at the sting site, and was classified as low-risk. The specimen was identified as T. serrulatus and symptomatic treatment and clinical observation were advised. The patient was discharged later without further complications. This is the first known envenomation caused by T. serrulatus, a non-native species to Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon.

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Scorpion Sting in a Tertiary Care Centre in South Tamil Nadu

Introduction: Venomous scorpion sting is a medicalemergency. The clinical manifestations vary widely betweenthe children and adult group. Current research aimed to studythe epidemiological profile of Scorpion Stings and to study theclinical profile and prevalence of complications of Scorpionstings.Material and methods: 82 cases of Scorpion sting admittedin Toxicology unit of Tirunelveli Medical College werestudied. Detailed history was taken, and a thorough clinicalexamination was done in all patients. All patients were givenPrazosin except in cases with hypotension.Results:Scorpion sting was more common in monsoonfollowed by Summer season. The sting was more prevalent inthe lower limb. Commonest symptom was pain followed bynumbness and tingling. Dyspnea and perspiration were lesscommon. 60.9% had grade1 envenomation followed by 25.7%patients with grade 2 envenomation. Severe envenomationwas less common. Tachycardia was frequently noted (62.2%)whereas only 3 patients developed pulmonary edema. Allpatients recovered well, and there was nil mortality.Conclusion:Prazosin had good outcome in all patients withscorpion sting. The study throws light on the common clinicalfeatures and complications of scorpion sting.

Incidência de acidentes por escorpiões em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Incidence of scorpiotic acidentes in Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Incidencia de accidentes por escorpiones em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Objetivo: caracterizar os acidentes escorpiônicos no município de Januária, Minas Gerais. Método: estudo quantitativo e descritivo, realizado em outubro de 2017, utilizando dados secundários e de domínio público no sistema de informação de agravos de notificação e da vigilância epidemiológica municipal. Resultados: foi evidenciado que os acidentes escorpiônicos ocorrem no decorrer de todo o ano, sendo as regiões mais afetadas os pés, as mãos e os dedos da mão, predominando em pessoas com baixa escolaridade e do sexo feminino. A maior parte do atendimento clínico ocorreu nas primeiras três horas, com evolução benigna. Conclusão: medidas preventivas se fazem necessárias visando maior esclarecimento da população, assim como melhor acesso ao atendimento e o reconhecimento das espécies de escorpiões envolvidas nos acidentes. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Animais Venenosos; Picadas de Escorpião.(AU)

Objective: to characterize the scorpionic accidents in the city of Januária, Minas Gerais. Method: a quantitative and descriptive study, carried out in October 2017, that used secondary and public domain data in the information system for notification complaints and municipal epidemiological surveillance. Results: it was evidenced that the scorpionic accidents occur throughout the year, with the feet, hands and fingers of the hands being the most affected regions, and predominates in people with low schooling and female. Most of the clinical care occurred in the first three hours, with a benign course. Conclusion: preventive measures are necessary in order to clarify the population, as well as better access to care and recognition of the species of scorpions involved in accidents.

Objetivo: caracterizar los accidentes escorpiónicos en el municipio de Januária, Minas Gerais. Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, realizado en octubre de 2017, utilizando datos secundarios y de dominio público en el sistema de información de agravios de notificación y de la vigilancia epidemiológica municipal. Resultados: foi evidenciado que os acidentes escorpiônicos ocorrem no decorrer de todo o ano, sendo as regiões mais afetadas os pés, as mãos e os dedos da mão, predominando em pessoas com baixa escolaridade e do sexo feminino. A maior parte do atendimento clínico ocorreu nas primeiras três horas, com evolução benigna. Conclusión: medidas preventivas se fazem necessárias visando maior esclarecimento da população, assim como melhor acesso ao atendimento e o reconhecimento das espécies de escorpiões envolvidas nos acidentes.(AU)

A study on the clinical spectrum and electrocardiographic changes in scorpion sting envenomation

Background: Scorpion stings, though not a big problem in many developed countries, it is a major public health problem in underdeveloped and in some developing countries all over the world. Objectives was to study on the clinical spectrum and electrocardiographic changes in scorpion sting envenomation.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute after obtaining the IEC clearance and informed consent from the patients for a period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. All the patients admitted to the toxicology ward and general ward with scorpion envenomation during the study period were included in the study. A total number of 53 cases of scorpion envenomation and 20 healthy patients from the outpatient department of General medicine, were taken as controls.Results: Fifty-nine percent of the patients presented with Grade 1 envenomation, seven percent with Grade 2 and thirty four percent with Grade 3 envenomation. Local pain (83%) and tachycardia (19%) were the commonest presenting symptom and sign respectively. Sinus tachycardia (6%) was the commonest ECG abnormality seen in the study. There was statistical significance in the relationship between ECG change and biochemical marker CK-MB.Conclusions: Scorpion envenomation in adults needs to be studied to identify the high-risk groups and to assess the morbidity caused it. There was no mortality due to scorpion sting in the study period and significant correlation between the time delay and severity of envenomation was found which indicates a need for immediate medical care following scorpion sting.

Clinical study of scorpion sting envenomation

Background: Scorpion stings are common in India. Presentation of scorpion sting may vary from localised pain at the site of the sting to life threatening condition. Systemic envenomation will even result in death among one third of the subjects. The present study was conducted to determine the clinical presentation, course, complications and outcomes of scorpion sting envenomation among children as they are sensitive to scorpion envenomation.Methods: 50 cases of scorpion sting, admitted to 2 hospitals, under JJMMC, Davangere for 1 year were included. A detailed clinical history followed by examination was done. Relevant investigations were also done. All the cases were monitored for complications and managed accordingly.Results: Maximum number of cases were noted in the age group of 1-3 years and 10-12 years. 58% of them were boys, 54% of the cases had red scorpion sting. Pain at the sting site, diaphoresis and restlessness were the most common presenting symptoms. The common signs noted were restlessness, cold extremities and tachycardia. Commonest complications were peripheral circulatory failure, pulmonary oedema, myocarditis and congestive cardiac failure. Majority of cases recovered without any sequelae.Conclusions: Present study we conclude that majority of the cases were among boys belonged to 1-3year age group. Red scorpion sting was common, and commonest presentation was pain and recovered without any sequelae.

Factores asociados con la picadura de alacrán en escolares: estudio transversal en dos comunidades rurales de Guerrero, México / Factors associated with scorpion stings in schoolchildren: cross-sectional study from two rural communities of Guerrero, Mexico

Resumen Introducción: La intoxicación por picadura de alacrán es un problema de salud pública en las regiones de América Latina y América del Norte. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar especies de alacrán de importancia médica, estimar la ocurrencia de accidentes por picadura de alacrán y factores asociados en la población de edad escolar. Métodos: Estudio transversal en dos comunidades rurales de Guerrero, México, en dos fases: el estudio entomológico para estimar índices escorpionológicos y la encuesta a escolares que incluyó las características de sus viviendas, la tenencia de aves, los antecedentes de picadura de alacrán y variables relevantes. Se estimó la razón de momios ajustada (RMa) como medida de asociación al accidente por picadura de alacrán en los escolares mediante análisis multivariado. Resultados: Las especies de importancia médica fueron Centruroides limpidus y Centruroides balsasensis. El reporte de accidente por picadura de alacrán en los últimos 6 meses en escolares fue del 12 % (171/1,437). Siete de cada diez escolares requirió de atención médica. Fueron identificados cuatro factores asociados con el reporte de accidente por picadura de alacrán: tener patos en la vivienda (razón de momios ajustada [RMa]: 1.98; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 1.2-4.29), falta de aseo en la vivienda (RMa: 1.84; IC 95 %: 1.02-4.16), ayudar en la labor del campo (RMa: 1.53; IC 95 %: 1.13-2.46) y viviendas con material del techo no permanente (RMa: 1.42; IC 95 %: 1.04-2.18). Conclusiones: Centruroides limpidus fue la especie de importancia médica más relevante. Fueron identificados dos factores asociados que son potencialmente modificables: mejorar el material del techo de la vivienda y asear la vivienda.

Abstract Introduction: Scorpion stings represent a public health problem in Latin America and North America. The aim of this study was to identify species of medical importance, as well as to estimate the frequency of scorpion sting and the associated risk and protective factors in schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional study in two rural communities in the Mexican state of Guerrero, in two phases: an entomological study that estimated the scorpion density and overcrowding index; a survey to document housing characteristics, poultry ownership, and history of scorpion sting in schoolchildren. Adjusted odds ratio (ORa) was used as a measure of association with scorpion sting in a multivariate analysis. Results: The species of medical importance were Centruroides limpidus and Centruroides balsasensis. Twelve percent (171/1,437) of school children reported scorpion sting in the last six months, of whom seven out of ten required medical care. Four factors were associated with the report of scorpion sting: having ducks in the dwelling (ORa: 1.98; CI 95%: 1.2-4.29), lack of cleanliness in the dwelling (ORa: 1.84; CI 95%: 1.02-4.16), farming as an occupation (ORa: 1.53; CI 95%: 1.13-2.46) and dwelling with uncovered infrastructure of the roof, those made of wood/iron sheet or cardboard (ORa: 1.42; CI 95%: 1.04-2.18). Conclusions: The most relevant species was Centruroides limpidus. Two factors might be particularly relevant to prevention: improvement of household roofing material and attention to housekeeping.

Implication of Tityus apiacas (Lourenco, 2002) in scorpion envenomations in the Southern Amazon border, Brazil

Abstract Herein, four cases of scorpion stings caused by Tityus apiacas recorded from the municipality of Apuí, in the southern region of the Brazilian Amazon, are described. Patients showed systemic clinical manifestations, described as unusual, involuntary, and generalized tingling and numbness, reported by patients as an electric shock sensation, lasting up to 24 hours after the sting. All patients described local pain and sensation, along with other clinical symptoms including local edema and erythema. Systemic manifestations were not life threatening. Antivenom therapy was administered to all patients, who were discharged without complaints.

Spatial distribution of envenomation by scorpions in Pará state, Brazil

Scorpionism is recognized by the World Health Organization as a neglected disease and, in Pará State, Brazil, it is considered a public health hazard. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of envenomation caused by scorpions in Pará. The data related to envenomation were collected from 2007 to 2014 and used for both descriptive and transversal studies. For those studies records obtained from ongoing investigations from the database of the National Notifiable Diseases Information System at the Public Health Department of Pará State were used. Envenomation occurs year round, most often in the first half of the year, in males from the countryside, aged 20 to 59 years and taking up to 3 hours to reach medical care. The deaths occurred from ages 15 to 59. Regarding the severity of the cases, class I cases were the most frequent and class III cases were the least frequent, accounting for only 5.1% of all cases. Of the 144 municipalities of Pará State, in 126 the frequency of envenomation ranged from 1 to 1,208 cases per municipality. Thirteen municipalities located in the lower Amazon region and in the southwest of Pará State presented higher occurences, including the highest number of deaths. Scorpionism is present throughout Pará State. However, there were differences in severity and incidence in the various regions, with higher frequency in the southwest of the State and in the lower Amazon region, corresponding to the Tapajós and Guyana endemic areas in the Brazilian Amazon.

Scorpionism by Tityus silvestris in eastern Brazilian Amazon

Scorpionism is a serious public health problem in Brazil. Although cases of envenomation by scorpions are frequent in Brazil, Tityus silvestris found throughout the Amazon region is considered of minor medical significance and with only a few descriptions in the literature. This article aims to describe for the first time the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of scorpion stings by T. silvestris that occurred in eastern Brazilian Amazon. Methods A prospective and observational study was carried out on 13 confirmed cases of T. silvestris envenomation registered from 2007 to 2011 in the cities of Belém and Ananindeua, Pará state, Brazil. Results The stings occurred mainly during daytime, at domiciliary environment, and the scorpions were found in clothing, fruits or vegetables. Envenomation was more frequent in the age group between 21 and 30 years old, upper limbs were more affected and medical aid was usually provided within two hours. Men and women were equally affected. Regarding severity, ten patients were classified as Class I and three patients as Class II according to the Scorpion Consensus Expert Group. Local manifestations were present in all patients, being pain the most common symptom. Mild systemic manifestations including nausea, vomiting, somnolence, malaise and prostration were observed in three victims. Symptomatic treatment of pain was offered to all patients, and only one received specific antivenom. All victims had a favorable outcome. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the systemic symptomatology of envenomation by T. silvestris in the Brazilian Amazon, highlighting the medical relevance of the species in this region. Further research on the venom and clinical manifestations of envenomation by T. silvestris should be conducted in order to verify the relevance of this species to public health.

Estudo clínico-epidemiológico, laboratorial e de vulnerabilidade dos acidentes escorpiônicos atendidos no Hospital Municipal de Santarém - Pará / Epidemiological, clinical-laboratory and the vulnerability of patient hospitalized for scorpionism at the Municipal Hospital of Santarém (MHS), Pará

Escorpionismo é um problema de saúde no Brasil e em outras regiões do mundo. Em 2015, no Brasil, foram relatados 74.598 acidentes e 119 mortes. Neste estudo, foram descritos aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e de vulnerabilidade nestes acidentes. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo clínico prospectivo e observacional conduzido no Hospital Municipal de Santarém (HMS), de Abril de 2008 a Janeiro de 2014. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo foram admitidos pelo autor e não representam o total de pacientes internados no HMS. Além disso, foi realizado estudo qualitativo com base teórica no conceito de vulnerabilidade que inclui as dimensões individual, social e programática. Resultados: Foram descritos 58 acidentes, presumivelmente, causados por T. obscurus na Amazônia Brasileira. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu durante o trabalho, a maioria dos pacientes incluídos era do sexo masculino 39 (67,2%). Os principais locais de picada foram as extremidades (pés e mãos) com uma frequência de 51 (90%). Os pacientes relataram sensação de "choques elétricos" que podem durar horas. A grande maioria dos pacientes apresenta quadro clínico compatível com disfunção cerebelar aguda, que pode ter início minutos e durar até dois dias após a ocorrência do acidente. Apresentaram ataxia cerebelar, disdiadococinesia, dismetria, disartria, dislalia, naúseas e vômitos. Além disso, alguns pacientes, aprentaram mioclonias e fasciculações que também podem ser atribuídas à disfunção cerebelar aguda ou talvez à ação direta sobre o músculo esquelético. Seis pacientes apresentaram rabdomiólise e dois injúria renal aguda. O quadro clínico observado na maioria dos pacientes consiste, principalmente, em disfunção cerebelar aguda e manifestações neuromusculares anormais, que não foram descritos em qualquer outra região do mundo. Também foram realizadas 28 entrevistas quanti-qualitativas com pacientes vítimas de acidente escorpiônico, as quais foram submetidas à técnica de análise...

Scorpionism is a health problem in Brazil and in another regions of the world. In 2015, in Brazil 74,598 accidents and 119 deaths were reported. In this study, were described clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory and vulnerability aspects of these unique scorpion accidents. Methods: A prospective and observational study was conducted in the MHS, from April, 2008 to January, 2014. Patients included in the study were admitted by the authors and do not represent the total number of hospitalized patients in the MHS. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted with the theoretical basis of the vulnerability concept, that includes individual, social and programmatic dimension. Results: We described 58 accidents presumably caused by T. obscurus in Brazilian Amazonia. Most patients were stung during work activities and the majority was male 39 (67.2%). The main sites of stung were the extremities (feet and hands), with a frequency of 51 (90%).Patients reported a sensation of "electric shocks" which could last hours. The vast majority of patients presented a clinical picture compatible with acute cerebellar dysfunction, that started in minutes and could last up to two days after the accident. They presented cerebellar ataxia, dysdiadocokinesia, dysmetry, dysarthria, dyslalia, nausea and vomiting. Also, some patients presented myoclonus and fasciculation which can also be attributed to cerebellar dysfunction or perhaps the result of direct action on skeletal muscle. Six patients had developed rhabdomyolysis and two acute kidney injury. The clinical picture observed in most of our patients consisted mainly from an acute cerebellar dysfunction and abnormal neuromuscular manifestations which is not described in any other region of the world. Twenty-eight quantitative and qualitative interviews with scorpion sting victims. Each patient was submitted to discourse analysis technique. The majority patients were men who live in rural areas, small...